For many C# developers, building and running a small project or even a single class file usually means having to launch Visual Studio and dealing with the overhead of an IDE and a large boilerplate of project code, making testing and exploration of the language and the .NET framework much less enjoyable than it should be.
But there’s another way. A lazier way. That way is called the command line and it has all the tools you need to make writing and testing your gists, snippets, and mounds of C# code easier than ever.
Developer Command Prompt for VS2015
Included with every installation of Visual Studio, this convenient development shell grants you access to the two following C# command-line utilities:
csi– An Interactive C# REPL
If all you need is a refresher on how a feature of the language works or to confirm whether some code is valid C# or not, you don’t even need a compiler. You can use csi directly from the command line. It stands for “c sharp interactive” and it is a read-eval-print loop (REPL) program which is designed to facilitate understanding what your code does as you write it.
Working with csi is pretty intuitive. To start the program, simply enter csi in the Developer Command Prompt.
You can type an expression without a semi-colon to examine its value or write a block of statements so you can immediately use them.
Referencing libraries (dlls) for testing is easy with the #r directive, just make sure it’s in your current working directory:
#r "MyLibrary.dll"Speaking of directories, if you intend to use csi and csc frequently you will probably want to change the starting directory of the Developer Command Prompt.
To do so on Windows, simply navigate to the directory that contains the shortcut for launching the Developer Command Prompt, right click on it, select “Properties”, and edit the “Start in:” field with whatever directory path you like.
To learn more about how csi can make your time with C# more enjoyable and productive, read the official interactive walkthrough.
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csc– The C# Compiler
Microsoft’s very own C# compiler. It has about all that you could expect from a good compiler, and thanks to C#’s language design around namespaces and assemblies, compiling a few files and libraries across directories into one executable is not hard at all.
Compiling a file into an executable:
csc File.csCompiling a file into a custom-named executable:
csc /out:Named.exe File.cscCompiling multiple files (from the current directory and a sub-directory named “lib”) into one executable:
csc File1.cs File2.cs lib\Library.csCompiling all the files in the current directory (one class file must contain a Main method):
csc *.csCompiling a file into an executable using a library (dll) reference:
csc /reference:library.dll File.csCompiling a file into a dynamically linked library:
csc /target:library File.csMixing and matching arguments:
csc /target:library /out:MyLib.dll *.csYou can view a list of all csc options here.
Essential Windows Command Prompt Commands
While Window’s Command Prompt console is certainly not the most popular shell around, it is still quite handy to be able to know how to perform some basic user tasks with it. The following commands, along with a decent code editor, are about all you’ll need to work with csc and csi effectively:
cls– Clears the console window.dir– Lists available directory files.cd– Changes the current directory path.md– Makes a new folder.rd– Removes files and folders.Ctrl + C– Exit out of the current process.Up/Downkeys – Iterate through previous commands.Tabkey – Press while typing to receive auto-complete suggestions.
Cross-Platform Building
- Visual Studio Code with .NET Core
Visual Studio Code (VSC) is an excellent and open-source lightweight alternative to Visual Studio that can be used across Windows, macOS, and Linux. It makes use of .NET Core, which is Microsoft’s open-source version of the .NET Framework. Which means that you can write, run, and share your C# projects with just about anyone.
VSC offers support for Omnisharp, IntelliSense, NuGet, Git, and other programming languages – making it a great tool for all types of developers.
The way your C# projects work in VSC is that they are folder-based and not file based. When you want to create a new project, you make a new directory or folder, and then through the Visual Studio Code terminal you can make use of the following commands:
Ctrl + `– Opens the VSC Terminal.dotnet new– Creates a new .NET Core C# project with your launchpoint being a class namedProgram.cs.dotnet restore– Retrieves NuGet dependencies for your project.dotnet run– Builds and runs your project.
VSC also has a built-in debugger, which you can run with the
F5key.To learn more about how to use Visual Studio Code, watch this lively five-minute tour of the software.
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Mono with
mcsandmono
Mono is an open-source and cross-platform implementation of the .NET Framework sponsored by Microsoft. Which means that you have full access to C# and most of the .NET libraries across Windows, macOS, and Linux (among many others).
In the future you can expect most of the general-purpose code in Mono to be identical to that of the .NET Core Framework, but the result is largely the same: C# code across operating systems and platforms.
The Mono compiler, mcs, works very similarly to csc:
Compiling a file into an executable:
mcs File.csCompiling a file into a custom-named executable:
mcs -out:Named.exe File.cscCompiling multiple files (from the current directory and a sub-directory named “lib”) into one executable:
mcs File1.cs File2.cs lib/Library.csCompiling all the files in the current directory (one class file must contain a Main method):
mcs *.csCompiling a file into an executable using a library (dll) reference:
mcs -r:library.dll File.csCompiling a file into a dynamically linked library:
mcs -target:library File.csMixing and matching arguments:
mcs -target:library -out:MyLib.dll *.csCompiling using non-cross platform Windows dlls:
mcs -out:winforms.exe -r:System.Windows.Forms.dll -r:System.Drawing.dll *.csYou can view a list of all mcs options here.
To run the executable, use mono itself:
mono File.exe
C# as a Scripting Language with scriptcs and csi
Not many people know this, but you can use C# as a perfectly legitimate scripting language using an open-source and cross-platform program called scriptcs, as well as Microsoft’s csi.
To make a new C# script, simply create a .csx file and directly start writing your code as if you were inside a method or an object.
scriptcs has support for NuGet packages, while csi does not. So the choice of either depends on whether you need to use NuGet or not and whether you’re on Windows or not.
To run a C# script, simply use the following commands:
- With scriptcs –
scriptcs File.csx - With csi –
csi File.csx
And there you have it, a brand new way to use one of the better object-oriented languages, along with five different command-line tools for interacting with your C# code and making things a little easier.
